A stress fracture is a small crack in a bone, typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse. In the foot and ankle, these injuries most commonly affect the metatarsal bones and are often seen in athletes or individuals who suddenly increase their activity level. When muscles become fatigued and can no longer absorb shock effectively, the stress is transferred to the bones - leading to injury.
Stress fractures occur when the body is pushed beyond its limits too quickly. Risk factors include sudden increases in training intensity, changes in footwear or playing surfaces, and repetitive high-impact activities. Poor bone density or improper technique can also contribute.
Symptoms include sharp or localized pain, limping, swelling, and sometimes bruising. Pain often worsens with activity and improves with rest. Your foot specialist will perform a detailed physical exam and review your activity history. While X-rays are routinely ordered, stress fractures may not be visible initially. In such cases, advanced imaging like a bone scan, CT, or MRI may be required for a definitive diagnosis.
