A hammertoe is a common toe deformity where one or more of the smaller toe joints become abnormally bent or contracted. This misalignment can lead to increased pressure on certain parts of the toe, causing pain, irritation, and difficulty wearing shoes. While hammertoes may start as a mild, flexible condition, they often worsen over time. If left untreated, the deformity can become rigid, making conservative treatments less effective.
The most common cause of hammertoes is an imbalance in the muscles and tendons that control the toe's movement. This imbalance may be influenced by inherited foot structure, progressive changes in the alignment of the foot, or underlying medical conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, or neuromuscular disorders. Ill-fitting footwear - especially shoes that are tight or have a narrow toe box - can worsen the deformity or trigger painful symptoms.
Symptoms often include pain over the top or tip of the affected toe, corns or calluses where the toe rubs against footwear, and redness, numbness, or swelling. As the condition advances, it may become difficult to wear normal shoes or walk comfortably. Diagnosis involves a detailed physical examination, where your foot specialist will assess the flexibility and alignment of the toes. X-rays may also be ordered to evaluate the severity of the deformity and help guide treatment options.
