An ankle sprain is an injury to one or more of the ligaments that support and stabilize the ankle joint. These ligaments help prevent excessive side-to-side motion. Sprains are categorized into three grades based on severity - ranging from mild stretching to partial or complete ligament tears.
Most ankle sprains occur during an “inversion” injury, when the foot twists inward and forces the ankle out of its normal position. This can happen during sports, walking on uneven surfaces, or even from a simple misstep. Risk factors include previous ankle sprains, poor footwear, flexible ligaments, and certain athletic activities.
Common symptoms include pain (especially when walking or going downstairs), swelling, bruising, and ankle stiffness. Severe cases may lead to instability or difficulty bearing weight. Your foot and ankle specialist will take a detailed history, perform a physical exam, and may order X-rays or advanced imaging to assess the extent of injury and rule out fractures.
Without proper care, a sprain can result in chronic ankle instability, where the ankle feels like it might “give out” during everyday activities. Early treatment and guided rehabilitation are crucial to restoring strength, preventing future injuries, and avoiding long-term complications.
