Charcot foot is a serious condition that affects individuals with significant nerve damage (neuropathy), particularly those with diabetes. It involves weakening and gradual destruction of the bones and joints in the foot. As the condition progresses, fractures and joint collapse can lead to severe deformity - often resulting in a "rocker-bottom" appearance. Without proper care, Charcot can cause open wounds and infections that may put the limb at risk for amputation.
Charcot foot is caused by neuropathy, which leads to reduced sensation in the foot. In North America, the most common cause is uncontrolled diabetes. Because patients may not feel pain or injury, they continue walking on a weakened foot, causing further damage without realizing it.
Early signs usually appear in one foot and include swelling, warmth, redness, and mild soreness - often mistaken for infection or injury. Diagnosis involves a thorough history and physical exam to rule out other causes of a red, hot, swollen foot. Your foot specialist will typically order blood work and imaging studies such as X-rays, which are monitored closely over time to track changes.
