Turf toe is a sprain of the big toe joint that occurs when the toe is forcefully bent upward, typically during sports or high-impact activity. It gets its name from being a common injury among athletes who play on artificial turf, which offers less shock absorption and increases the risk of hyperextension injuries.
Turf toe often results from a sudden push-off movement, fall, or tackle that bends the big toe beyond its normal range of motion. It can also develop from repetitive strain over time. Athletes in cleats or flexible shoes without adequate support are especially vulnerable.
Patients usually report pain, swelling, and limited movement at the base of the big toe. In acute injuries, bruising may appear. The pain typically worsens with walking, running, or pushing off the foot. Your foot specialist will perform a physical exam and may order X-rays to rule out a fracture. In more severe or unclear cases, an MRI may be used to assess ligament damage and joint stability.
